Yarjejeniyar Ankara ta zama sabon tsarin warware rikici a Afirka

Daga Ahmet Yusuf Ozdemir

A watan da ya gabata, Ankara ta karbi bakuncin muhimmin taro mai tarihi tsakanin manyan masu taka rawa biyu a yankin Kahon Afirka.

Kasashen biyu na da alakar diplomasiyya amma kuma suna rikici kusan tsawon shekaru talatin.

Shiga-Tsakanin-Turkiyya don "Sulhu Mai Tarihi" tsakanin Somalia da Ethiopia na bayyana wani babban cigaban warware rikice-rikice, wanda kuma ke ajiye diflomasiyya a manufofin kasashen waje na Turkiyya a matsayin da ya sha bam-bam da irin na manyan kasashen duniya kamar Amurka, China da Tarayyar Turai.

A baya, yankin Kahon Afirka baki daya , musamman ma rikicin Somalia, ya sanya kasashe zuba jari a taimakon jin kai da ayyukan soji don murkushe Al Shabab.

Nan da nan, sai aka fahimci cewa ba za a iya warware wannan rikici ba tare da aiki tare da makociya Ethiopia ba.

Wannan ne ya sanya matakin Turkiyya ya zama na musamman.

Ta yi aiki tare da duba cewa matukar ana samun rikici tsakanin kasashen makotan juna, to ba za a iya samun damar warware rikicin ba.

Wani rahoto daga Geneva Academy ya bayyana vewa Afirka ce ta biyu bayan Gabas ta Tsakiya duba da rikici da makamai.

A yanzu nahiyar na fama da rikicin da ba na kasa da kasa ba da ake duakar makamai har guda 35, ciki har da na Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Jumhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jumhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Nijeriya, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu da Sudan,

Akwai masu daukar makamai da dama a wadannan rikice-rikice, ko dai suna adawa da dakarun gwamnati ko suna rikici a tsakaninsu.

Manyan kasashen duniya da ke makotaka da kasashen sun shiga tsakani a rikicin da ba na kasa da kasa ba a Burkina Faso, Mali, Mozambique, Nijeriya da Somalia.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran yake-yaken basasa a duniya, kamar irin na Colombia, Philippines, ko Afganistan, ba a cika iya warware rikice-rikicen Afirka cikin ruwan sanyi da tattaunawa ba.

Wannan na iya sauya wa a lokacin da Somalia da Ethiopia suka amince su magance matsalolin da ke tsakaninsu.

A karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ankara, kasashen biyu za su fara tattaunawa nan da watan Fabrairu, ta hanyar shiga tsakanin Turkiyya, sannan za a kammala tattaunawar a kuma sanya hannu a kai a cikin watanni hudu.

Yarjejeniyar tsakanin makotan biyu (Somalia da Ethiopia) ta kwantar da hankula da samar da nutsuwa, d akawar da tsoron samun yaduwar rikici a yankin Kahon Afirka," in ji Emmanuel Onyango da Tugrul Oguzhan Yilmaz a wani rubutu da suka yi wa TRT Afrika.

"Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Tarayyar Afirka da Kungiyar Kasashen Gabashin Afirka, Kungiyar Cigaban Alakar Gwamnatoci (IGAD), sun yi maraba da yarjejeniyar tare da taya Turkiyya murna saboda kokarinta na shiga tsakani."

Kalubalen Somalia

A Somalia, Al Shabab na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen mayar da yankin Kahon Afirka zama daya daga yankunan duniya da aka fi yin rikici.

Kazalika, wanzuwar manyan kasashen duniya da dama a kasar, musamman Dakarun Tarayyar Afirka a Somalia (AUSSOM) da Dakarun Taimakon Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Somalia (UNTMIS), ya sanya ake kwatanta rikicin da irin na alakar Amurka da Taliban.

Somalia ta zama daya daga cikin wuraren da ake dabbaka tsarin kasa da kasa bayan Yakin Cacar Baki. Nan ne waje na farko da aka fara aikin jin kai wanda ya zo daidai da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

A 1991, abin da ya janyo rushewar gwamnatin Siad Barre bayan kasancewa a mulki tun 1969, ya jefa kasar zuwa yakin cikin gida.

Wannan yaki tsakanin kabilu da da mayaka ya fuskanci matakin yanki da na kasa da kasa.

Musamman, kokarin Wanzar da Zaman Lafiya na MDD da ayyukan jin kai na sojojin Amurka sun karya rikicin a 1992. Sai dai kuma, wannan dauki ya haifar da wasu matsaloli.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa kasashen duniya sun gaza yin katabus wajen taimakawa kasa ta sake gina kanta.

Idan muka kalli Afganistan, bayan mamayar Tarayyar Soviet, Amurka ta taimaka wa 'yan tirjiyar Afganistan don yakar 'yan mamayar. Amma a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ta janye daga Afganistan, sai ita ma Amurka ta fice.

A Somalia ko Afganistan, ba a kafa ginshikan sake gina kasa bayan yaki, kawo sauyi, da tsarin dawo da adalci, ma'ana yadda al'umu ke mayar da martani ga manufofi da keta hakkokin dan adam ba.

Cike wannan gibi

Masu taka rawa yankin da wajen yankin ne suka yi kokarin cike gibin da aka samu bayan fitar Amurka da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga Somalia a shekarun 1990.

Makwabciyarta Ethiopia ta taka rawa sosai a 1996 ta hanyar mamayar kan iyaka da kai hare-hare.

A 2005, Kungiyar Kotuna Musulmai, wadda ta assasa karfin iko ga kanta, ta yaki mayaka a 2006 tare da ayyana kafa gwamnati a Somalia, wanda ya kai ga sabon kai dauki daga Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, da Amurka ta taimaka wa a siyasance, Uganda kuma da karfin soji, da kuma Dakarun Tarayyar Afirka a Somalia (AMISOM), da Gwamnatin Tarayyar ta Riko, sun ci gaba da mulki har zuwa 209.

A wannan shekarar, Al Shabab ta yi amfani da gibin da aka samu na janyewar Ethiopia dada kasar inda suka ayyana kafa gwamnati, suka rike iko da kudancin kasar.

Tun bayan kafa ta, musamman bayan bayyana biyayya ga Al Qaeda a 2012, Al Shabab ta zama amba daya da Amurka ke kai wa hari, "Yaki da Ta'addanci" a yankin.

Bayan shekaru 18 tana aikata ta'annati a Somalia, da ma makotanta Kenya da Ethiopia, Al Shabab ta fuskanci karaya ta fuskar soji, ta ja da baya da sake shirya kanta.

Stig Jarle Hansen, daya daga cikin kwararru da ke nazari kan Al Shabab, ya yi muhawarar cewa karbar haraji ba bisa ka'ida ba, raunin soji, da samun mafaka ne ke zama abubuwan da suke kara wanzar da Al Shabab.

Kwarewar yanki da ma duniya baki day na iya taimaka wa wajen tabbatar da bin doka da oda don hana dawowar Al Shabab a Kahon Afirka.

Ofishin Tabbatar da Aiki da Dokoki da Hukumomin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da aka samar karkashin Sashen Wanzar da Zaman Lafiya, na da wani bangare da ake kira kwace makamai.

Babbar manufar wannan tsari ita ce bayar da gudunmawa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar yankin bayan kawo karshen rikici, ta yadda za a fara dawo da cigaba.

An yi aiki da tsarin a rikice-rikicen Jumhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jumhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, Sudan ta Kudu, Burundi, Colombia, Ethiopia, Haiti, Iraki, Libya, Yemen da Somalia.

Daya daga cikin muhimman misalai na wannan shi ne Mukhtar Robow, tsohon mataimakin shugaba kuma mai magana da yawin Al Shabab, wanda ya bar kungiyar a 2015 kuma aka nada shi Ministan Harkokin Addini na Somalia.

Misalin wannan na bukatar a fadada shi don bayyana gaskiyar cewa hayar da Al Shabab ke bi na kalubalantar gwamnati da kawo rashin zmaan lafiya a yankin ba za ta dore ba.

Yarjejeniyar Ankara

Yarjejeniyar Ankara da aka sanar tsakanin Somalia da Ethiopia ta assasa tushen yin irin wannan sulhu da tattaunawa a nan gaba don yakar Al Shabab tun da tana kai hari kan kasashen biyu da jama'arsu.

Sanarwa a hukumance da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Turkiyya ta fitar ta ce "Sun yarda, karkashin abota da girmama juna, su manta da bambance-bambancen da suke da shi a baya, su ci gaba da hada kai don cigabansu baki daya."

Sai dukkan bangarori sun bayar da kai ne za a iya samun dawwamammen zaman lafiya, ba wai kasa guda daya ta yi ta fama ita kadai ba.

Kwarewa, kaifin basira, da musayar dabaru na da muhimmanci wajen kawo karshen kowanne irin rikici.

Wannan ne daya daga cikin rashin nasarar tattaunawa tsakanin Amurka da Taliban a Afganistan.

Duk da Amurka ba da kanta take ayyuka a Afganistan ba, akwai kawancen kasashen duniya da ke kasar tun 2001, ba ta shigar da sauran bangarori ba don samar da zaman lafiya mai dorewa da zai amfani kowa a yankin.

Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar da Amurka ta bi, matakin da Turkiyya ta dauka na kawo karshen da aka dauki tsawon shekaru ana yi, ta hanyar bai wa dukkan bangarorin da lamarin ya shafa damar zama a teburi daya su tattauna kalubalen da ke damun su, wani abu ne da tun da jimawa yankin Kahon Afirka ke jira.

Marubicin wannan makala, Ahmet Yusuf Ozdemir, Mataimakin Farfesa ne a Sashen Nazarin Kimiyyar SIyasa da Alakar Kasa da Kasa a Jami'ar Ibn Haldun.

Togaciya: Ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya bayyana ba sa wakiltar mahanga, da ra'ayoyin editocin TRT Afrika.